The Benefits of Galvanized Steel | Tanya Galvanizers

The use of Galvanized Steel is increasing with time in construction sites. Engineers and owners are making good use of perforated galvanized cable trays and other accessories to enhance protection of the expensive wires and cables used extensively in the construction process. The reason for its extensive usage is because, galvanized steel does offer plenty of benefits to those who use it. There is a need to know the different advantages of hot dip galvanizing. Only then should one go ahead with its usage in the construction sites.

Know the major benefits of using Hot dip galvanizing

Galvanizing when used to provide structural steel protection does offer significant measurable benefits, some of which are mentioned below:

  • Low initial cost: The truth is that when compared to other commonly used steel protective coatings, the initial cost of galvanizing is much lower. (Labour intensive coating application cost like painting has increased when compared to factory operation related expenses like galvanizing).
  • Low long term and maintenance cost: It has been noticed that even in those cases, where galvanizing initial cost is noticed to be higher when compared to alternative coating, it is absolutely much cheaper during the long term process. This is because, it lasts much longer and requires less maintenance. Maintenance generally means more problems and added costs, especially if structures are found in those remote areas and there is involved product disruption or plant shutdown.
  • Long life: Life expectancy on typical structure member of galvanized coating can exceed 50 years in majority of rural environments. In severe coastal and urban exposure, it can last about 20-25 years+.
  • Tough coating: Galvanized coating is known to have unique metallurgical structure. It offers outstanding resistance towards mechanical damage in service, erection and transport.
  • Reliability: It is according to the set standards that galvanizing is performed. Coating life as well as its performance is quite predictable and reliable.
  • Auto protection for those damaged areas: Steel can be corroded preferentially by galvanized coatings, thus offering sacrificial or cathodic protection to those smaller steel areas that are exposed due to damage. Unlike that of organic coatings, the smaller damaged regions do not require any touch up.
  • Ease of inspection: The Galvanized coating type can be assessed easily by the eye. Even there can be used of ordinary non-destructive thickness testing methods. Galvanizing process can be stated to be a process where coatings may appear continuous and sound and it will be the same.
  • Quick erection time: Galvanized steel members can be used immediately upon being received. There is no time lost on site due to surface preparation, inspection and painting. With the completion of assembly structure, it can be used immediately or at later construction stage.
  • Full protection: The fact is that every part of the galvanized article stays well protected, which includes those inaccessible areas, sharp corners and recesses. Coating is not applied to the fabrication or structure, after completion could provide similar protection.

The above benefits clearly show why hot dip galvanized items are to be used.

Hot Dip Galvanizing Process – read more

Click here for more information or Contact us: info@galvanizers.co.in or Call +91 80008 42648.

Impact Of Hot Dip Galvanizing On Metals In The Long Run | Galvanizers

The process of application of protective zinc coating to iron or steel in order to prevent them from rusting is called galvanization. Hot dip galvanizing is the most common method of galvanizing. This process includes the submergence of iron or steel in a molten zinc bath. Galvanization by forming a coating of zinc on the metals prevents any corrosive substance from reaching it.

A brief history of galvanization

Europeans were the first who encountered galvanization of iron on Indian armor, it can be found in the Royal Armories museum collection. Galvanization originally was associated with conduction of electric shocks, which was also called Faradism in the 19th century. The term, later, came to be associated with coating of zinc. A form of galvanization is known as hot dip galvanization. This process acts as a barrier between the atmosphere and steel and even if the galvanized coating gets damaged and steel gets exposed to the atmosphere, the zinc with the help of galvanic corrosion protects the steel.

What is Hot Dip Galvanization? – Read more

A brief about the process

A metallurgical bond is formed between zinc and steel by the process of hot dip galvanizing. A caustic solution is used to clean the steel from oil, grease, paint or dust. After rinsing off the caustic cleaning solution an acidic solution is used, which helps to remove mill scale. Then, a flux is applied, which most of the time contains zinc and ammonium chloride, which prevents oxidation of the cleaned surface to exposed air, the flux is then allowed to dry on the steel. After that, a molten zinc bath is used to submerge the zinc and left until the steel’s temperature equilibrates with the bath. Finally, a quench tank is used to cool down the steel. Adding  a little lead to the zinc bath improves fluidity of the bath.

Hot Dip Galvanizing Process – read more

Benefits of Hot Dip Galvanizing & its impact on longevity of metal

Other commonly specified steel coatings are much more expensive than this process. Even if the cost of the initial coating in cases are higher than other coating, but in the long term this process is the cheapest. Because it has a good longevity and needs very less maintenance cost. It might cause some maintenance problem in case the structure is located in a remote area, however it lasts more than 50 years. It gives complete protection. A reliable hot dip galvanizer knows how to prevent a steel from rusting with the process of hot dip galvanizing.

Steel although a fascinating material can be corroded by the elements and air pollution, this hot dip galvanized procedure not only protects the steel in an economic way but also in an environmentally friendly manner. Without this protection steel is bound to rust when exposed to atmospheric condition over time. There are protective methods like plastic coating  and painting, but these methods have numerous drawbacks. Hot dip galvanized procedure is not only reliable but also last very long. If you feel that your project requires special care, you must definitely go to an efficient hot dip galvanized service provider. Hot dip galvanizing in Vadodara is really reliable and long lasting service available in Vadodara.

Visit: www.galvanizers.co.in for more or Call us: +91 80008 42648

The Process of Hot Dip Galvanizing – Tanya Galvanizers

Hot Dip Galvanizing Process | Tanya Galvanizers

The process of dipping the fabricated steel into the kettle or a vat which contains liquefied zinc is referred to as hot dip galvanizing. This simple process provides an advantage over that of other methods of corrosion protection. The iron of the steel reacts with the zinc when it is poured into the kettle and forms an alloy coating, which is tightly bonded and that helps the steel to prevent any corrosion. This process is found everywhere in the world, this is the patent process that can be found in almost every major application and industry where steel and iron are used. This process has revolutionized iron and steel industries and is used worldwide.

A brief about hot dip galvanizing process

The process involves immersing steel or iron in a bath of molten zinc in order to produce a corrosion resistant, coating of iron and zinc alloy and zinc metal. When the steel remains immersed in the zinc, a metallurgical reaction takes place between iron that is present in the steel and the molten zinc. As this reaction is a diffusion process the coating is formed perpendicular to all surfaces so a uniform thickness is formed throughout the part. From 1794 this process is in use which helps to provide maintenance free, long lasting and corrosion protection that too at a reasonable cost for decades. This simple process provides an advantage over that of other methods of corrosion protection.

Hot Dip Galvanizing – An overview – read more

Steps in hot dip galvanizing

This process involves three main steps which include surface preparation, galvanizing, and post treatment. Surface preparation aims to remove all the oxides and other contaminating residues. This process is very important because zinc fails to react with unclean steel. This process is done by immersing the steel in an acid degrees bath in order to remove grease, dirt, oil, etc. Next, a dilute solution is used to mill scale and oxides. Then a flux is used in order to clean the steel of all oxidation, which can develop due to the pickling of the steel. The flux creates a protective layer to prevent any kind of oxidation. After the steel is completely cleaned, it gets ready for zinc bath immersion.

They offer the best surface preparation, which is the most important factors in the application of the zinc coating on the iron component surface area, without which zinc coating can’t be processed properly.The galvanized kettle contains pure zinc and is heated to a temperature that ranges from 820 to 860 F. After the completion of diffusion reaction of iron and zinc, the steel from the galvanizing kettle is removed and is given some post treatment which enhances the galvanized coating.

Services provided by Tanya Galvanizers

Tanya galvanizers are one of the most trusted, professionally managed, dynamic engineering company that offers hot dip galvanizing, testing and supply of cable trays, earthling material, raceways etc. This hot dip galvanizing consultancy provides offers barrier protection and catholic protection. Their products are in great demand and are used by cooling tower manufacturers, power plants, fertilizer industry, railways, petrochemical project, refinery project and elsewhere. They are the experienced hot dip galvanizing consultant based in Vadodara, Gujarat.  Contact us at info@galvanizers.co.in or call: +91 8000842648

Why Are Galvanized Crash Barriers Advisable?

With the development of modern roads and people buying cars and other vehicles for the convenience of their life one of the major issues that they face nowadays is road safety. Yes, road safety is of prime importance these days as accidents are getting fatal. Safe driving is being promoted everywhere in the world and the governments around the world are taking various measures to minimise accidents and help people to survive the fatality of the accidents. One of the most common yet very important road safety measures that have become an indispensible part is the galvanized crash barrier.

About crash barrier

Also know as traffic barriers these crash barriers can actually save lives if an accident happens. These barriers have been designed to restrict fatal collision of speeding cars with boulders, walls, building and any other hazardous thing beside the road. The galvanized crash barriers are placed on the roads strategically in order to curb the speed of a vehicle and make it fall beside the road. Understanding its importance on the roads crash barriers are installed on all major roads especially on highways where people at times speed up their vehicles. These barriers not only stop fatal accidents but also help in creating traffic lanes for the vehicles to move in order.

Read more: Crash Barrier | Industrial Crash Barrier | Galvanized Crash Barrier

Why galvanized?

This is an important question that may come across your mind. Well as we all know galvanizing crash barriers will only make them strong and durable. Galvanized steel is used for making crash barriers especially those which are installed on highways. High quality and high durable metal crash barriers are quite commonly seen on the highways and in sharp turn where there are chances of accidents. Hot Dip galvanizing process is used for these barriers to make them durable and last long even after resisting fatal accidents.

Where can you get the best crash barriers?

You might wonder that crash barriers are only used on roads and highways to avoid accidents and fall off. But these life savers have other uses too and you can use them at your own convenience. Road contractors especially need these barriers to mark the area of their work zones on the roads. So if you are a road contractor or into structural engineering and looking for the best galvanized crash barriers then you should contact Tanya Galvanizers who offers the best quality products in the market. Located in India this company offers their products and services to a wide range of clientele all over India. The company consistently produces galvanized crash barriers that are used in different places. They can also customize products for your convenience.

With years of experience and technical expertise in Hot Dip Galvanizing, Tanya Galvanizers have paved their way to success by satisfying a wide range of clientele from different types of industries. Their good reputation and the top class products make it easier for the prospective buyers to have the trust to get the best service. So when you are in need of galvanizing crash barriers you know where to go.

Tanya Galvanizers: Best Galvanized Crash Barriers Suppliers – read more

Click here for more information or Contact us: info@galvanizers.co.in or Call +91 80008 42648.

Galvanized Sub-station structures are a must | Tanya Galvanizers

With the fast paced industrial development in India the country has seen sea change in every aspects of growth. New structures and technology has been implemented in order to make this development world class. Power plants have played an important role in shaping the future of India. Among all the structures that has been created and implemented sub-station structures have played a major role. Sub stations are very crucial for each and power plants in the country. So if you are wondering what substation structures are then here is a bit of information for you.

What are Sub-station structures?
Sub Station structures are subsidiary stations that are primarily used for the generation of electricity in a power station. It also helps in the distribution and transmission of electricity where transformers are used in order to reverse the voltage from high to low. Generally electricity that is generated flows through several sub stations in between the power plant and the end users. The voltage may change in various steps according to the supply and usage of electricity by the consumers. These structures are an integral part of all power plants and thus it becomes an imperative for them to be durable and robust.

Why is it a must to have galvanized substation structures?
Substation structures are an integral part of every power plant. These structures have great responsibility in generation and transforming electricity from the plant to the end users. These structures remain exposed to natural climatic conditions and thus it becomes an imperative to make these structures durable and long lasting. Hot dip galvanizing is used on these structures to make them weather proof and strong. Galvanizing not only makes these substation structures strong but also corrosion resistant which is very important for any steel or iron structures.

Why will you choose us?
Hot dip galvanizing is no child’s play. It requires a lot of experience and expertise to galvanize substation structures in order to make them perfect for generating electricity and transform it to end users. We at Tanya Galvanizers are pioneers in hot dip galvanizing of substation structures that are made from steel. We never compromise on the quality of our products and that helps us keep all our clients satisfied. We generally use M.S./Aluminium Sheets, Structural Forms namely angles, channels, beam, plates, flats, rounds, etc. along with zinc, primers and paints. We acquire all these materials from reputed companies along with test certificates.

Our prominence in hot dip galvanizing
Tanya Galvanizers is dedicated towards serving this nation with high quality hot dip galvanizing. We carry out intensive inspection process of all our products and services in order to provide our clients with the best possible end products.

Our inspection process involves:
1. Visual Check Test
2. Thickness of zinc coating Test as per IS-6745/IS-4759/IS-3203
3. Adhesion Test as per IS-2629
4. Uniformity of Zinc coatings Test as per IS-2633.
We provide all types of substation structures as well as supporting structures that are galvanized using the best materials and latest technology.

Galvanized Cable Trays A Must - Galvanizers

Galvanized Cable Trays A Must – Tanya Galvanizers in Gujarat

Construction of a building involves three major engineering feats that include civil, mechanical and electrical works. While implementing electrical wiring in a building there is lot of things that needs to be taken care of. Cable management happens to be one of the most essential and integral part of electrical wiring of a building. Perfection in the routing of the electrical wires is essential in order for them to function properly. That is why it becomes important to use certain products that will enable safer environment for wires and people at the same time. Cable trays are one of the materials required for ensuring safety in a building.

What are Cable Trays?

Cable trays are quite commonly used these days to hold courses, wires and cables safely inside a sky scrapper or a high rise. It is a construction material that has some major benefits. Cable trays are used for supporting insulated electrical cables and wires that are meant for communication and distribution. It also happens to be one of the most used products to be installed in industrial and commercial setups in order to provide an alternative for the open conduit and wiring system. Generally manufacturers of cable tray design them in such a way that they can easily adapt sudden changes in places where it is anticipated to have wiring adjustments. Cable trays are available in different types and it is always best to choose galvanized cable trays as it offer better safety.

Benefits of Cable Trays

When you are planning to implement galvanized cable tray you must know what the benefits you can get from these products are. Well there are actually more benefits of this product than you actually are aware of. So let us take a quick look at them:

  • Affordability – Cable trays are quite affordable than any other means of protecting the cables and wires. Especially in industrial constructions budget plays an important role. In many cases industrial machines are run on corrosive byproducts that can cause damage to the cable and wires and incur heavy cost in replacing the wiring system. Galvanized cable trays protect the wires from these chemicals and other harmful by products.

  • It is quite a reliable product – The usage of galvanized Cable trays offer great reliability. They are very durable and can last long. Galvanization offers protection from damage and thus the wires and cables last for years.

  • It has great adaptability – Since the cable trays are designed for providing safety and a storage system they can fit into any industrial construction. The universal design enables this adaptability on any system.

  • Safety quotient is high – Cable trays with galvanization are the most effective and safety way of protecting wires and cables. It does not expose the wires to hazardous and keeps them safe from any damage.

  • Low maintenance – The services for galvanizing cable trays are really low. Maintenance is easy and since these trays are made from galvanized steel there remains no question of corrosion.

Usage of cable trays in Industrial complexes

Galvanized cable trays are most essentially used in industrial constructions. It is imperative to use galvanized cable trays in order to avoid any mishap. So choose the best in the market and get sorted for a lifetime.

Visit: www.galvanizers.co.in/cable-trays.html for more information.

Earthing Materials Galvanizers

Why Do You Need Earthing Material?

One of the most essential things in our modern day life is electricity. It is needless to say that without electricity it is just impossible to live and survive. Electrical engineering has developed immensely in the past few decades providing us with quality materials and gadgets that have made our life easy and convenient. While electricity has made our lives easy there are few things that need to be taken care of in order to have a safe use. Earthing is one of the most essential parts of any electrical layout in residences, offices, commercial places and even on streets.

Earthing can only be completely safe if high quality materials are used. Otherwise there always remains a chance of short circuit and electrocution. Every home has delicate electrical gadgets like fridge, washing machine, microwave oven and food processor which require stability in the current supply.

Main Objective Of Earthing

Earthing helps in keeping the stability of the flow while providing constant protection against shocks and burns and other hazards. The main objective behind a lying of earthing is to provide an alternative channel for the faulty electricity to flow through so that it does not hamper the actual flow of current and keep the users and gadgets safe.

What Are The Main Uses Of Earthing Material?

Earthing Materials are important and you need to choose them wisely. The materials that are required for laying of the earthing channels are:

  • Earthing Pipes – These are commonly known as pipe electrodes that are generally used for applications of power transmission. The best pies that are available in the market and should be used should be made from GI and copper. The pipes should be easy to install with robust construction that can last a lifetime.

  • Earthing Strips – These are required for balancing electrical and thermal conductivity. Earthing strips are required and available in a wide range of thickness. The range will vary from 3mm to 6mm and the width of 15mm to 100mm. These strips are made from copper, GI and aluminium.

  • Earthing Wire – This is the most important material required for earthing. The earthing wires are essentially made from best quality copper or GI that can be used in various electrical, electronic and automobile instruments. They are made from top quality galvanized metals that provides high durability and great shock resistance. Hot dip galvanized earthing material is used to makes these wires sturdy that can last a lifetime.

  • Earthing Plates – commercial as well as residential places use earthing plates for shock resistance. These plates are also made from galvanized earthing material that ensures property safety, high durability and excellent shock resistance.

How To Choose The Best Earthing Material?

When you are looking for the best hot dip galvanizing material for earthing then it would be a wise decision to search a little. Tanya Galvanizers is one of the prominent companies in India that provides excellent quality earthing materials for both commercial and residential uses. They offer materials that will last lifelong and will have the durability and strength of resisting electrical shocks and fluctuations with ease.

Visit: www.galvanizers.co.in/earthing-materials.html for more information

10 Real Benefits of Galvanized Steel – Tanya Galvanizers

10 Real Benefits of Galvanized Steel – Tanya Galvanizers

Tanya Galvanizers is a prominent hub of galvanized services. To avail the best and high quality galvanized services, resort to one and only galvanizing company Tanya Galvanizers as it assures you to cater with right quality services. It serves with different big and small services like hot dip galvanization and many more. Catering to a large segment of clients all over India, Tanya Galvanizers showcases 10 real benefits of galvanized steel. These benefits are mentioned below:

Usage of Galvanizing for structural steel protection renders ten major benefits that cannot be ignored.

  1. Lowest First Cost:

Talking about the first cost, galvanizing is considered to be lower than any other commonly specified protective coatings for steel. This is due to increase in the application cost of labor intensive coatings like painting as compared to the cost of factory operations like galvanizing.

  1. Lowest Long Term Cost (low maintenance):

Galvanizing is considered to be invariably cheap in long term though its initial cost is considered to be higher than alternative coatings. Maintenance in the long term surely adds on to the cost which is not the problem in case of galvanization.

  1. Long Life:

On typical structural members, the life expectancy of galvanized coatings is far in excess of 50 years in the most rural environments and in case of severe urban and coastal areas, this may add up to even 20 to 25 years.

  1. Reliability:

Following the norms, the galvanization process by galvanizing plant manufacturers is done as per Australian/New Zealand Standard 4680 with minimum coating thickness. In such case, coating life and performance becomes reliable and predictable.

  1. Toughest Coating:

Having a unique metallurgical structure, the galvanized coating gives outstanding resistance to mechanical damage in transport, service and erection.

  1. Automatic Protection for Damaged Areas:

Galvanized coatings provide cathodic or sacrificial protection to small areas of steel that are exposed through damage. Here, small damaged areas are not required to touch up unlike organic coatings.

  1. Complete Protection:

A complete protection is availed for every part of galvanized article including recesses, sharp corners and inaccessible areas. The protection remains intact even if no coating is applied to a structure or fabrication after completion.

  1. Inspection Process is Easy:

As the galvanized coatings can be assessed directly by naked eye, a simple non-destructive thickness testing methods can be used for the same. The galvanized coatings can be termed sound and continuous if they appear to be the same.

  1. Faster Erection Time:

There is no wastage of time on-site in case of surface protection, inspection and painting as the galvanized steel members are ready for use. Once the assembly of the structure gets completed, it can be used immediately for the next construction stage.

  1. A Full Protective Coating Can Be Applied Within No Time:

The galvanized process does not depend on weather conditions hence, the coating regardless of any weather can be applied within no time.

Thus, this hot dip galvanizing consultant – Tanya Galvanizers assures to use the best practices of galvanizing ensuring to cater every listed benefit above to its clients!

For more information Visits: http://www.galvanizers.co.in/about.html

Frequently Asked Questions – Hot Dip Galvanizing!

Frequently asked questions - Hot Dip Galvanizing

Tanya Galvanizersa prominent galvanizing company of India is known to provide best galvanizing solutions to its clients. Hot dip galvanization as we all know is a process that involves coating iron and steel with a layer of molten zinc so that they become rust free. Catering the small requirements involved during these processes and looking after the nitty-gritty involved in it, Tanya Galvanizers are one of the popular known hot dip galvanizing consultants of India. Let us peep into how it addresses every big and small aspect in order to provide premium solutions to the clients. Below stated are some questions that are adhered by Tanya Galvanizers in providing best services to clients.

  • Why does the galvanized coating thickness depend on the steel thickness?

    In order to create a perfect galvanized coating, it is necessary that iron and zinc are in proportion in a way that they diffuse into one another and are able to create galvanized coating. So, in cases when more iron is taken to react with zinc, one may end up with a thin coat. It is said that a thicker coating can be developed if the steel pieces are thicker as well. Moreover, steel along with phosphorus and silicon plays a vital role in enabling a galvanizing reaction as the galvanized coating thickness is highly dependent on the overall steel chemistry and its thickness.

  • Is hot-dip galvanized steel considered anti-sparking?

    Hot dip galvanized steel are non combustible and anti sparking. The reason behind this is very simple – major coatings are done with zinc. But of course, everything has an exception and same applies here as well that if zinc coating alloys have 30 to 55 % aluminum or if it is penetrated all the way down to the base steel when galvanized steel is struck very hard – there are high chances that the steel could spark!

 

  • Is it safe for food to be in contact with galvanized steel?

    Yes, the contact of food with galvanized steel is considered to be perfectly safe in case of majority of food items. Care should be taken in case of acidic foods as per the norms set by U.S. Food & Drug Administration as it may happen that the acid of the food may react with zinc forming salts which when consumed can cause mild sickness.

  • What type of materials will not galvanize?

    One can find various materials on which galvanized coating won’t be developed. As we all know, for a galvanizing reaction to occur, the much needed metal is iron. Apart from that, if you try to galvanize copper or aluminum, the coating won’t be formed. Additionally, other metals like 400-series stainless steel can’t be galvanized and though chrome-molly steel may develop a coating but will comprise of many bare areas.

Hence, gaining the recognition as one of the best galvanizing plant manufacturers, Tanya Galvanizers who has in-depth solutions and understanding about the hot dip galvanizers, should always be resorted to in case of any kind of galvanizing requirements.

Visit: http://www.galvanizers.co.in for more.

Tanya Galvanizers: Best Galvanized Earthing Strip Manufacturer

Tanya Galvanizer-Best Galvanized Earthing strip Manufacturer

To take protective measures in any big or small thing is a smart decision by humans and for this, they work at their best to deliver best safety measures. One such much required innovation by the masterminds is galvanization. Galvanization is a process where in protective zinc coating is applied to either steel or iron so that it protects it from rust. As we all know, iron and steel are used widely is big machineries that are made to work in various industries.  Hence, it is very important to make them rust free so that they are able to provide maximum output with no restricted production.

For galvanization, there are other inter linked processes that are carried out for safety purpose out of which one is earthing. Earthing is a procedure that is done to connect the metallic parts of electric machinery and devices to the earth plate or earth electrode through a thick conductive wire for safety purpose. In short to avoid danger during discharge of electrical energy, earthing process is carried out. Hence, combining both, galvanized and earthing – a systematic procedure is done through galvanized earthing strips to ensure a proper effective efficient and safe working of the machineries in the industries.

One can find various earthing strip manufacturers in India but out of all, a popular one that provides high quality galvanizing earthing products is Tanya Galvanizers. With various earthing materials, Tanya Galvanizers ensures the industries for smooth working of the machineries.

Tanya Galvanizers are known to have an expert facility for manufacturing a highly functional range of the galvanized earthing strip. And it ensures that it walks hand in hand with the latest developments and use those advanced procedures for galvanizing. The galvanizing earthing products made by Tanya Galvanizers are used in various applications in different sectors of engineering, automobile, electrical as well as other industries. These earthing strips are known to have dimensional accuracy and hence possess outstanding electrical and thermal conductivity. This is the very reason for the high demand of this galvanized earthing strip in the global market.

If you are in search of an earthing strip manufacturer, make sure to resort to one and only Tanya Galvanizers for this as it ensures you with the supreme quality product of all time. It looks forward to provide you products as per your need and demands. So without any doubt, contact Tanya Galvanizers – one of the premium earthing strip manufacturers of India and safeguard your machineries, place and yourself with the required safety and security measures. For more information visit: http://www.galvanizers.co.in/earthing-strips.html